Universal Service Charge

 My Views on the Universal Service Charge (USC) and how it is acting as a disincentive to investment in Ireland
By Frank McGivney

This is a simplified analysis and doesn’t take into account more complex tax issues but does apply to most small and medium size businesses and Paye workers.
The government of Ireland imposed a further tax on the Irish people in 2011. It’s called the universal service charge (USC for short). Never has a name been more appropriate for a tax because it is applied in a way that is universal to peoples income and it even is based on income that people never even receive. This tax is charged on your income in a given year at the following rates generally
The first Euro 10036 is taxed at 2%
The next Euro 5980 is taxed at 4 %
Then the balance is taxed at 7% i.e. anything above Euro 16016.
This is of course on top of your income tax and Prsi payments. Now with income tax if you are self employed you are taxed after you take away any losses you may have had in previous years and also after you have taken away your pension contributions and after you take away capital allowances (which are the allowances for the purchase of fixed assets such as heavy machinery, motor vehicles etc. which you are allowed at 12.5% per year). However USC is calculated before you deduct these items. This means that you are paying a tax on your absolute total income for a year with out taking into account any pension contributions or more importantly without allowing you to write of losses forward or capital allowances.
In order to set up a business you need usually to invest in machinery or vehicles at the beginning in order to get it up and running. This often times involves buying machinery or motor vehicles etc so that you can actually carry out the business. Then these are allowed against your income tax, however they are not allowed generally for USC purposes. In other words you may spend a large amount on starting the business up in order to make a living for yourself and to give employment and you are in effect taxed on this investment.
In the first few years of business it is common to make a loss and of course you can make a loss at any stage of running a business. It is standard good practice in most countries with a proper tax system that you are allowed to write of these losses in future years to reduce your tax liability. This is a very important aspect of the tax code as it allows a business to get over loss making years and continue to provide employment and to hopefully be a success. However USC circumvents this by being calculated before losses are deducted. Once again this is a disincentive to investment and entrepreneurship as any self employed person or company needs to be able to recover from its losses by having tax relief.
Paye workers probably do not even realize that USC is calculated on their income before pension contributions. A lot of people who make pension contribution have no option but to pay them for example anyone in the civil service. In effect what is happening is that their pension contributions are reducing their net pay by 7% of the contribution if they are already earning over Euro16016. So they are coming out with less money in their pay packet based on income that they can never have received. I know the pension contributions will benefit them in the long term. However I believe that up to a certain level pension contributions should be tax free. The reason been is that the way the government is running the country we are most likely going to be bankrupt in the future. This is because there is no way we will be able to pay back the current debt burden that they are imposing on us, in order to repay the bank debts. If this happens we will be either poverty stricken or subservient to the powers in Europe and people can forget about getting old age pensions. So it’s vital that we put money aside for our own future incomes. This should in my opinion be limited to exclude relief for massive pension contributions for the wealthy.
In my opinion this is a completely unfair tax but it is the tax that the government will increase in the budget, as a 1% increase in USC will have a much greater tax take effect than an increase in any other tax. I have no problem with a high tax regime. In fact I think that in order to stimulate growth that governments should be elected that alternates between high and low tax regimes. This is a reflection of the inertia of the human condition. In order to stimulate an economy it has to be hit with different tax and economic policies over time. This would in my opinion help to prevent the swing from depression to recession. However a basic requirement of a high tax regime been successful is that the tax take is then used by the government to increase their capital and current expenditure. This way the tax taken is kept in the domestic economy and stimulates growth. However the huge mistake been made at the moment is that the tax is in fact been taken out of the economy to repay bank debts to foreign bond holders. This is just draining the economy. I would in fact accuse the current government of implementing the very same policies as the government did in the boom except in reverse. So in the boom the government drove a boom higher and now in a recession the current one is making the same mistake in reverse by driving us further in to recession. However that’s an argument for another article.
Frank McGivney is a practicing Chartered Management Accountant in Kells Co. Meath, Ireland and can be contacted at fmcgivney@live.com .














Computers for business

advice on setting up as Company or sole trader

You have decided to take control of your destiny and start up your own business. The route of self employment is a long and sometimes difficult one with a lot of benefits and potential pitfalls. Once you have decided upon what business you are going to run, you will have presumably loads of marketing ideas and financial aspirations and so forth. However the first practical step to starting up your business is to decide how the business will operate. The main choices are as a Sole Trader/Partnership or as an incorporated company. A sole trader and partnership are both similar in that the business is operated by the owners as self employed people in their own right. The main difference between sole traders and partnerships is whether there is one owner or more than one owner of the business. I am currently writing an in-depth article about the consequences of going into a partnership with someone. This current article is dealing with the fundamental choice of been self employed in your own right or in starting a company.
A company is a separate legal entity to the people who own it. It can trade, own and operate a bank account, be sued, liquidate (cease trading), etc on its own behalf. The big advantages of a company structure is that it offers limited liability and a low corporation tax rate. Limited liability means that a company can only be sued for whatever it owns itself so that the shareholders (owners) private assets are protected. Companies are taxed on their profits by way of corporation tax. The taxable profits are calculated after the director’s wages have been paid. In Ireland the current corporation tax rate is approximately a fifth of the marginal highest income tax rate. However in return for these benefit’s the administration and accounting requirements for a company are more stringent and involve a greater cost and consume more time than a sole trader's. Also any money that a director takes out of a company is taxed at income tax rates and therefore the corporation tax rate is only availed of if the company makes more money than the directors are paid as wages
A sole trader is a person who operates a business in their own right. As such they are solely the ones taking the risk of the business failing they are also the ones who benefit fully if the business is a success and makes a profit. A sole trader does not have limited liability and thus his/her own assets such as the family home can be under threat if the business is sued or it fails to pay all its creditors or debts. However a sole trader is a simpler way of running a business. The returns to the Revenue Commissioners are less arduous than the returns for a company. If the business has a small turnover with relatively low risk of been sued or if such risk can be insured against then this is a good choice. All the advantages and disadvantages of both options should be weighed against each other based on the specific business been proposed and then an informed decision made. The assistance of a trained professional advisor such as a solicitor or accountant is recommended to ensure the best outcome
Credit card Machine on your smart phone
Frank McGivney & Co. Ltd Chartered Management Accountant fmcgivney@live.com
 Frank McGivney & Co. Chartered Management Accountants Kells, Co Meath